HOLDING, APPROACH AND DEPARTURE PROCEDURESGENERAL The holding, approach and departure procedures in use are based on those contained in the latest edition of Doc 8168 - Procedures for Air Navigation Services - Aircraft Operations (PANS-OPS).ARRIVING FLIGHTS flights entering and landing within a will be cleared to a main radio navigational aid in accordance with the published standard arrival routes (STAR). When STARs are not established, the clearance limit will be the main radio navigational aid serving the aerodrome concerned. The term of the clearance shall be adhered to until further instructions are received from . If the clearance limit is reached before further instructions have been received, a holding procedure .shall be carried out at the last authorized flight level. Maximum speed is limited to 250 KT in all TMA areas below FL 100.Due to the limited airspace available, it is of importance that the approach to the holding patterns and the holding procedure are carried out as exactly as possible. Pilots are strongly requested to inform ATC if for any reason the approach and/or holding cannot be performed as required.DEPARTING FLIGHTSIFR flights departing from controlled aerodromes will receive initial ATC clearance from the . The clearance limit will normally be the aerodrome of destination. Pilots shall, prior to a departure, request the start-up clearance in accordance with an IFR flight plan. The start-up clearance shall not be requested before it has been ascertained that the aircraft can start the engines within 5 minutes after the clearance has been issued.When push-back is required, such permission shall be requested from TWR. Pilots are expected to start engines during or after push-back and to comply with start-up and taxi permissions, since ATC planning is based on strict adherence to the coordinated start-up time. Any delay in start-up or taxiing shall be immediately reported to TWR.The initial flight level to which an aircraft will climb after the take-off, is established in standard instrument departure, or shall be determined together with the route clearance by the relevant air traffic control unit prior to take off. Clearances for further climb depend on traffic conditions and shall be issued after the take-off.OTHER RELEVANT INFORMATION AND PROCEDURESNot applicable.